The Election Of A New President - 1260 Words

ntroduction The election of a new president can shift the policies of the United States in different directions. From 2009 to 2017, Barrack Obama and his administration used a liberal, globalist approach to foreign policy and domestic policy. Obama involved the United States in global affairs and in treaties with other states. The election of President Donald Trump reversed the globalist, liberal policies the U.S. had pursued for 8 years. President Trump has shown and stated that he supports an isolationist and realist approach to foreign policy. Therefore, President Trump has made campaign statements on defense, terrorism, trade, national security, and immigration that subscribes to the realist paradigm. Defense Throughout the 2016†¦show more content†¦(Courtesy of Dinah Walker) . The budget increase for the DOD was 9 percent (52 billion dollars), in addition to a 7 percent (2.8 billion dollars) increase in funding to the Department of Homeland Security (Soffen and Lu). This budget increase is to help accomplish the goals President Trump outlined on the campaign trail as mentioned previously. However, this change did not come without costs to other departments such as a 31 percent decrease in budget for the EPA and a 29 percent decrease in the State Department’s budget. The action taken toward the budget and defense spending shows evidence that president Trump subscribes to the realist paradigm and believes that the self-interests and protection of the state is the most important thing compared to environmental protection and other liberal ideals. Immigration The issue of illegal immigration and the magnitude that occurs in the United States was an issue voters cared about in the 2016 election. Throughout the campaign, President Trump made controversial remarks about Mexico and Mexicans. President Trump stated that he would build a wall along the southern border of Mexico, deport over eleven million illegal immigrants, deny citizen ship to children born by illegal immigrants inside the United States, and increasing border security. First, President Trump is working on developing a plan for the wall and securing funding from CongressShow MoreRelatedThe Election Of Our New President1164 Words   |  5 Pages On August 6, 2015, it all commenced. It was now time for America to establish the election for our new president to serve a term in the office. The question is, are you ready for the election of our new president? The head to head campaign between the republican and Democratic Party has just begun. From vast dissertation about lead republican delegate Donald Trump with four hundred sixty votes, to continuously asked questions about lead democrat Hillary Clinton with one thousand two hundred thirtyRead MoreForeign Policy and the Election Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagespreseason leading up to Election Day helps determine who will become the next president. This period is full of debates and speeches to persuade American citizens to vote a certain way during the elections. During the preseason, the presidential candidates take their stance on the issues and use them to gain popularity and, generally, the candidate with the most popular opinions is favored by the American people and win s the election. When the current president is not up for re-election, as they either choseRead MoreThe United States Election Process Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pages The United States Election Process With the 2016 presidential election on its way, with two of the most polarizing candidates ever. And one who shared that if he loses then the â€Å"System is rigged†. With Congressional approval rating at 17%, politics in the U.S appears rotten. Which is what the freackanomics episode I listened to, â€Å"10 ways to make politics less rotten† was about. But how may know how the U.S election cycle actually works? The process can be quite complicated and confusing at timesRead MoreWhat Was Learned From the 2000 Presidential Election?1494 Words   |  6 Pages2000 President Election isn’t considered to be the typical election that occurs every four years in our society. I am opening up the discussion of this important topic in American presidential history by first sharing a fact that not many people may know: there have been three previous presidential elections in which one candidate won the popular vote but not the electoral vote and lost the election. The 2000 Presidential Election was considered to be one of the most highly contested elections in presidentialRead MoreAnalysis of the Electoral College1219 Words   |  5 Pagesnow learn everything about a candidate regardless of where the come from in the nation. It is feasible to have direct election of a president because of these improved methods of communication and the evolution of technology in general. There are many arguments against the Electoral College. The most common attack on the system is that it enables a president to lose the election when they have won the majority of the popular votes (Polsby and Wildavsky 171). Voter turnout in the United States isRead MorePresidential Elections As Part Of A Democratic Process928 Words   |  4 PagesPresidential Election Scholars define democracy in various ways. However, they all agree that democracy is the participation of citizens in a political process without limitations. A democratic political process primarily includes free and fair elections. The essay will examine presidential elections as part of a democratic process. Britain colonized the US, but later they gained their independence, the founders of the democratic United States came up with a system where citizens had power and obligationRead More Electoral College Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresentatives who cast their votes for the state they represent. Those who feel that the college should remain as it is believe that the American people are too uninformed about election issues to vote. The argument for the modification of the college maintains that the people are not actually electing the president, but the larger states are. Ultimately, the majority of the United States citizens support the elimination of an electoral college that serves no purpose in the government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TheRead MoreEssay about How Works Electoral College687 Words   |  3 Pagespresidential elections post 1968? Every four years, on the Tuesday following the first Monday of November, millions of U.S. citizens go to local voting booths to elect, among other officials, the next president and vice president of their country. Their votes will be recorded and counted, and winners will be declared. But the results of the popular vote are not guaranteed to stand because the Electoral College has not cast its vote. thinking of the 2000 U.S. presidential election -- Gore won theRead MoreValidity And Reliability Of The Election Of 18241381 Words   |  6 Pagesheavily on theoretical data especially in relation to elections taking place in the nineteenth century. Because of this one might question the validity and reliability of the conclusions. The sources I used to reach those conclusions are qualitative and they aim to understand why the elections have turned out the way they ultimately did. Some numerical data exists for the 2000 election and I will utilize those figures in relation to that election to explore corruption. While the information will beRead MoreThe Revolution of 1800 Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson succeeded in defeating the incumbent, John Adams, and assumed the presidency. In terms of elections though, the election of 1800 itself was a fascinating election in that it a heavily-contested election and was effectively the first time political parties ran smear campaigns against each other during an election. The Republican Party attacked the Federalists for being anti-liberty and monarchist and tried to persuade the public that the Federalists were

The American Dream By Ralph Ellison - 1465 Words

The American Dream exists in the hearts of all Americans and is a concept that drives many people from all over the world to want to come to America. It holds the promise of infinite possibilities and allows them to escape a society of poverty and racism. This Dream also exists in the hearts of many Americans already living in America. However, this dream primarily exists in the minds of minority populations, such as African Americans, whose past is full of discrimination based on their race. The American Dream not only offers success in the form of economic stability but also acceptance from society regardless of an individual’s race or religion. Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, shows how the American Dream is not often available to†¦show more content†¦In Gatsby’s case, his dream is short lived when he realizes he can never â€Å"repeat the past†(Fitzgerald Page #). Jay Gatsby is a physical representation of a man so blinded by his own greed, that he c annot see the true reality. After realizing the failing promises that the American Dream offers, and the ways in which the American Dream is only applied to specific people, these protagonists want to create their version of an America that actually fulfills their promises of the American Dream. The term â€Å"American dream† is relatively new and can stand for different connotations depending on the context. It was created by James Truslow Adams and written down in his book, The Epic of America, which was published in 1931. He states that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†(Adams). However, the basis for the foundation can be traced back to the sixteenth century Puritans. The Puritans did not call it the American dream, but their attitude towards religion and work ethic is similar to the term. They believed that for every single person there was a destiny. James Truslow Adams was a writer and stated that â€Å"dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†(Adams). AmericaShow MoreRelatedRalph Ellison s Battle Royal985 Word s   |  4 PagesRalph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal†, is nerving, historical, and suspenseful. Ralph Ellison describes the events about how the young narrator goes to a meeting of city men and thinks he would be giving the speech of a lifetime. Although he does get to give his speech at the end of the night, the narrator goes through hell to get what he would like to achieve. Ellison has the narrator go through what mirrors to be what the African-American community in the twentieth century is shaping to be. Through theRead MoreAnalysis Of Ralph Ellison s Battle Royal945 Words   |  4 Pagesgreater force holding you back? Ralph Ellison uses setting, irony, and symbolism in â€Å"Battle Royal† to further explain how African Americans were treated in regards to social equality. In the Deep South racism was very common and unfortunately it lead to many cruel things. Many people were mistreated and disrespected for no reason other than their skin color. The white man wanted to keep the African Americans separated from them despite the laws passed. Many African Americans were treated like slaves evenRead MoreRalph Ellison’S Short Story â€Å"Battle Royal,† Is Set In The1122 Words   |  5 PagesRalph Ellison’s short story â€Å"Battle Royal,† is set in the deep south during the late 1940’s era. Racial tension in the south has always been exorbitantly high. In the 1940’s keeping segregation is still a priority for half the population in the southern states, slavery may be abolished but the physical act of welcoming African-Americans as â€Å"Americans† is far from the minds of many Americans. Ellison’s short story accentuates this idea of racial tension and social standards, between the elites ofRead MoreThe Theme Of Social Inequality In Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1403 Words   |  6 PagesSocial inequality is something people would not expect to be influenced by setting. The story à ¢â‚¬Å"Battle Royal,† by Ralph Ellison explains that a young boy grows up to learn the harsh reality of being an invisible man. The author does this by putting the main character in the story, though situations that make him realize that he is diminished from society. The meaning of the story is supported by the setting of where different things take place throughout the story. Places such as the main ballroomRead MoreThe World Of Segregation Crises `` Battle Royal `` By Ralph Ellison1706 Words   |  7 PagesWorld of Challenges In the world of segregation crises â€Å"Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison is about a boy who just finished high school years and receives an invitation to present his valedictorian speech to the wealthy white men in town. Ellison’s protagonist reminisces about his naive life, 20 years before when the story was published in 1947. He grew up in the deep south of America in a town where prejudicism and racism was prominent. During this time the South is segregated because of the Jim CrowRead More Analysis of Ralph Ellisons The Invisible Man Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Ralph Ellisons The Invisible Man The prologue from The Invisible Man deals with many issues that were palpable in the 1950s, and that unfortunately are still being dealt with today. An African-American man who refers to himself as the invisible man goes through life without being truly noticed as a person. He states that because of his skin color he is only looked down upon, if he is ever noticed at all. The invisible man goes through life living in a closed down part of aRead MoreSimilarities Between Shirley Jackson And Battle Royal1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lottery (1948) written by Shirley Jackson and Battle Royal (1952) by Ralph Ellison are short stories that stress the issues of conformity and breaking tradition. Both stories were written during a time when individuality was not looked upon in a pleasant manor. Battle Royal and The Lottery both deal with the internal struggle of trying to accept societal norms when they do not match up with one’s beliefs. Difficult lessons were learned in th ese stories, for example in The Lottery a cruel traditionRead MoreHow Aldous Huxley And Ralph Ellison1307 Words   |  6 PagesSocial, cultural elements, and political ideals often influence how literature is written and stated during that specific time period. Political, culture, and social elements defined how Aldous Huxley and Ralph Ellison wrote their popular books Brave New World and Invisible Man. These factors include lust, advancement of technology, and racism. Aldous Huxley was a British writer and philosopher born in Godalming, England on July 26, 1894 and wrote the famed book Brave New World. This author livedRead MoreI Have A Dream By Martin Luther King Jr.909 Words   |  4 Pagesassassinated in 1968 and will always be remembered by his famous speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream†. To me, he has reminded me of other people I’ve watched through movie films, and in a story I’ve read. When I think about what one person can do to step up and fight for their b eliefs and for Civil Rights, I can relate that to the movies, A Raisin in the Sun, and To Kill a Mockingbird, but also the first chapter of Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison because of how those characters stand up in their own way to express theirRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1694 Words   |  7 Pages Ralph Ellison was a writer of the late 1930s as a product of the Great Depression. He originally came to New York from Tuskegee Institute in search of a way to make money for his senior year of college, however, while in New York he decided not to return to Tuskegee due to his inability gather enough funds to return to school due to the Great Depression. While in New York, Ellison met Richard Wright who introduced Ellison to the New York Federal Writers Program; there, Ellison gathered stories

Analysis Of Christopher Mccandless s The Great Gatsby

Unified Seclusion Paper #3: Comparison and Contrast Emily Rigby Amidst the dense and desolate forests of the Stampede Trail, located in Alaska, lies an abandoned bus. In this decaying automobile lies a blue sleeping bag, containing much greater than what initially appears to be simply an unshaven beard and a pair of dark, sleep-deprived eyes, shaded temporarily by resting lids and a tangled mess of lashes. Instead, here lies an adventurous mind that would no longer have the capability to wander, a mere twenty-four year old life stolen from a brother, a son, a friend, a bundle of ideas that would never be given the opportunity to seep their way into the minds of others. Here lies: Christopher McCandless. Alongside these remains lie plenty†¦show more content†¦! ! ï ¿ ¼The arguably most apparent aspect in which the personalities of Chris McCandless and Henry David Thoreau truly paralleled one another can be quite blatantly seen within their shared initial and over-arching motivation supporting their unified desire to journey into the wild: The burning need to escape materialism as a whole, as well as constantly progressing technology, both of which were, and still are, prominent in every area of society. This core incentive is very evidently described in the line, scribed within Walden, â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life† (Thoreau 59). He then expands upon this belief, and provides support for his naturalistic intentions, with the following statement: â€Å"I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life... to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms† (Thoreau 59). Thoreau passionately felt that civilization as a whole had become entirely over-dependent upon a chaotic mess of irrelevant details, the majority of which everyone had begun to mistakenly perceive as necessities, to the point where he finally announced the complete control he felt technology had over society through the phrase, â€Å"We do not ride on the railroad; it rides upon us† (Thoreau 60). Each of these meaningless affairs, he said, revolved solely around the very concepts from which he was determined to find refuge

Analysis Of The Movie The Help Essay - 2249 Words

The film â€Å"The Help† (2011), is a story based on the daily lives of prominent white women and the relationships with their African-American housemaids in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1960s Civil Rights movement in America. A well-to-do white woman and central character in this film, Eugenia â€Å"Skeeter† Phelan, aspires to be a journalist and decides to write and publish an exposà © of the stories of the housemaids in Jackson to achieve this goal, however, only two maids, Aibileen Clark and Minny Jackson are willing to discuss their experiences with her. The other maid’s in Jackson resist telling Skeeter their stories, fearing the punishments they would endure if the authorities were to find out. In spite of this, after the malicious arrest of one of their befriended maids, all of the maids begin to share their experiences, which consist of racial hostility and being treated as intrinsically subservient to white people. The story Skeeter publishes entit led The Help, creates a disturbance among the white families in Jackson, by exposing the racism the maids are faced with, forcing the white families to reflect upon how they have treated their maids. The storyline represented in The Help exhibits examples of the primordial approach to race and ethnicity, as well as numerous sociological concepts including segregation, internalized oppression, and white privilege, which will be exemplified in this paper in order to uncover the race relations evident within this film. The termShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1019 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the best-selling books and the film ‘The Help’ is very closely relevant to the untold stories of African-American women and their experience in service to the white women – part of the narrative of civil rights and segregation in America. The Help is less about the undermined black servants than it is about the white sympathizers, extremely close to missing the point entirely. The civil rights movement was vast and complicated and included African-Americans and white people as heroes, If theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe Help is a drama set in Jackson, Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. The film focuses on the development of Eugenia Skeeter Phelan, a young, aspiring Anglo American author trying to find her way in the world of writing. After becoming closer acquainted with Aibileen, an African-American ma id employed by her peer Elizabeth Leefolt, Skeeter becomes more aware of the racist attitudes that white Americans in her community have towards ‘black’ Americans. After successfullyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1550 Words   |  7 Pages Walt Disney Studio’s 2011 film, â€Å"The Help† is an adaption of Kathryn Stockett’s 2009 novel of the same name. The Help is an American drama film, and stars a powerhouse cast, with the leading roles played by Emma Stone, Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, Jessica Chastain, and Allison Janney. The film was both written and directed by Kathryn Stockett’s friend Tate Taylor, who was given the rights to the film before her book was even published. In 1960’s Jackson, Mississippi during the civil rights movementRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1132 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the movie The help, I understand that the African American in the past where being abused from white people and where insulted and treated as animals. They used men as cookers and farmers. And women where used as nannies. Also they splurge the nannies between each other. However, white people doesn’t treat African American in a good way. When they was treated from white people one of the friend of the white people tried to solve this dilemma which is to make justice between white andRead MoreMovie Analysis : Film Analysis Of The Movie The Help796 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Help† Analysis Paper During the 1960’s , americans underwent an era of critical issues in the United States. Throughout this time, the United States was in a stage of racial issues where racism was still openly accepted of society. The struggle by African-Americans to achieve rights equal to those that white people received was also known as the Civil Rights Movement. That included having an opportunity in employment, voting rights, having access to public facilities, education andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help832 Words   |  4 Pages I watched the movie award winning move The Help. This movie takes place in Jackson, Mississippi during the 1960’s. This was a time period of lots of racial discrimination and gender discrimination right in the middle of the civil rights movement. The story line of The Help is about a young women named Skeeter, who aspires to be big New York City writer. She get a job at a local news paper and on the side decided to secretly interview the bl ack maids (The Help) about their different stories, experiencesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help By Kathryn Stockett1082 Words   |  5 PagesRace is a very controversial topic in Kathryn Stockett s The Help. The story was set during the 1960’s in Jackson, Mississippi. The Civil Rights Movement took place during the late 50’s and continued through the late 60’s, thus making race a very prevalent theme throughout the story. Kathryn’s theme of race was very strategic because it made her plot very authentic and genuine. In The Help, race affects the character’s lives in many aspects such as their opportunities, relationships, social factorsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry from their parents because it is forbidden. In the 1996 classical movie, Romeo and JulietRead MoreMovie Marketing Plan1393 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Marketing Plan Ideas and Images Private Limited Executive Summary Situation Analysis Ideas and Images Private Limited was founded in 2010 by students of film making with a vision to develop new trend, and improve film making in Nepal. The main objective is to align innovation and quality in Nepali movie making to help the industry grow and go international. Apabad is their first venture, with which they want to establish themselves as the institution with uncompromising creativityRead MoreAnalysis Of Divergent The Movie 1197 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Divergent The movie Divergent can be interpreted and looked into deeply to discover the missing and hidden features within the film. Throughout the movie, there are many twists and turns. It takes the viewers on a journey. The movie is easy to understand with what is going on, but at times the plot is about mystery. When viewers go to the theater to watch the film, they tend to miss the hidden features of the movie. They only tend to focus on certain points, and by paying greater attention

Research Process and Terminology Free Essays

Research Process and Terminology Performing a research requires a person with integrity and a strong will to continue until the research is complete and he or she is satisfied that the research was done to his or her best ability. When documenting the findings the researcher must report a complete finding of all data including information that may not be a promising as he or she would like. Researching is about finding out the likely hood of an event or crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Process and Terminology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The researcher should begin the research not knowing, or expecting a particular outcome. Research is to better prepare the universe for what may occur giving certain situations. The integrity of the researcher will determine how valid the information from the research will be. Research is an important part of criminal justice. Effective research can determine the crime rate and possible ways of crime prevention. Terminology within the criminal justice system is a key factor in understanding and communication information effectively. The lack of proper terminology when translating research data can be detrimental to a case. The criminal justice system has various research methods utilized in the system. The common research method is quantitative research. Quantitative is the concepts of assigning a numerical value. This method provides numerous ways to retrieve data, and use primarily to study the cause of crime. This method can also be used to determine patterns in situations involving criminal justice. The process of research in the criminal justice system has five general steps: problem formulation, research design, data collection, analysis and presentation, and conclusion. Problem formulation is selecting a problem to research. When selecting a research problem factor in the current state of the problem, the holes in the theory, and the funding to perform the research. The research design is determined the type of experiment to be performed, or a study group. Data collection is how the information will be collected. Questionnaires, interviews, and reanalysis of existing data are some methods of collecting research data. Analysis and present the findings of the data collected. Create a summary of the finding and be prepared to present the report. The conclusion will be the researchers’ interpretations of what he or she believes the study showed. In order to understand the research methods and situation in criminal justice, one must be able to comprehend the terminology and know how to properly explain the results. An important term used in criminal justice system is capturing of the essence of reality, or concepts. Some examples of concepts in criminal justice system are crime, intelligence, police patrol, and recidivism. Recidivism is a reduction of crime in quantity and quality over a one year period. This term is commonly used when studying juvenile offenders. Juvenile recidivism rates can be retrieved on the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) website. NCJRS is a federally funded resource offering justice and substance abuse information to support research, policy, and program development worldwide (U. S. DOJ 2010). The resource is helpful and educational for anyone interested in criminal justice. Having knowledge of these terms and applying them appropriately is important in the criminal justice field. There can be many negative outcomes by not knowing the proper terminology while conducting criminal justice research. Information can be missed completely or misunderstood. Failure to understand the terminology can have a domino effect on criminal justice research. If a particular term is not defined properly the term could possibly affect the research and ultimately affect the end results. Being familiar with the terminology used in the criminal justice system enhances the knowledge and allows the opportunity to advance in the field. Effective research continues to be a strong foundation in the criminal justice system. Research is integrated in the system and continues to be a vital tool when it comes to finding credible and factual information. Research methods and knowledge of terminology within those methods are tools that assist in finding that information. Failure to understand the terminology involved in the research processes may have negative affect on the research at hand. The end result of not comprehending the terminology could jeopardize a case in court. In order to prevent such negative effects from happening, it is important to make sure that there is a clear and concise understanding of the terminology involved regarding the research in the criminal justice field. Researchers have the obligation to perform research with the highest regard of integrity. The information which is collected during a research is more than likely to be published for the universe to view and use in order to prevent crime from being committed. If the data is incorrect or not validated by a series of test or taken from actual research done by the researcher, it could cause more harm than good. The researcher must be able to relay the information in the terminology in which it is intended to be done. The proper terminology is just as important as the research. References U. S. Department of Justice. (2005). Quantitative Research on Friction Ridge Patterns. Available: http://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/nij/sl000698. pdf. Last accessed 11/13/2010. U. S. Department of Justice. (2010). NCJRS. Available: http://www. ncjrs. gov/app/topics/Topic. aspx? topicid=146. Last accessed 11/13/2010. How to cite Research Process and Terminology, Essays

Exposing Children to Profanity Essay Example For Students

Exposing Children to Profanity Essay The United States Constitution gives Americans many rights. One of those rights is the freedom of speech. A controversy has erupted in the United States because the government is unable to determine the limitations on this right. In early America when our forefathers wrote the Constitution, profanity was not accepted (Shoeder 72). This makes determining the true definition of speech difficult. A majority of people believe profanity is an acceptable form of language. These people feel that they are free to say what they want without worrying about the rights of others. Due to this insensitivity, a child has a hard time walking down a street without hearing offensive words. For example, there is a man standing on a street corner harassing another person. The child hears profane words used by the man, and from this the child relates anger with profanity. Another example is a woman seen arguing with a cashier using profanity in an attempt to get her way, and the child with her begins to believe that to get your way you must cruse. A third example is a waitress having a bad day, and taking it out on the customers the child in the booth next to the customers and the waitress is thinking that this is a proper way to communicate. All of these examples are using improper language for children to hear (Shoeder 72). Parents are then expected to explain and make excuses for the vocabulary being used by others. Profanity has become uncontrollable and has had a great role in the moral decay of our society. The main goal for parents and government officials should be the regulation of profanity in the United States. Adults are formed through the experiences of their childhood. The way a person acts and speaks is often determined at a young age. When a parent uses profanity, a child may feel free to also use these words. For instance, a mother may not intentionally use profanity when cutting her finger while in the kitchen. As a result of the mothers action, a child may use the same words when they get hurt (Hochman 29). Parents play a great part in a young persons upbringing so it is not surprising that children imitate their guardians actions. Growing up without a role model forces a child to look for other sources to imitate. Television has role models for children to admire most of them are not beneficial for children. Unfortunately this does not stop them from imitating their role models language. Profanity has become entertaining to television viewers, many of them being children. Televisions role in our society is much more powerful than one may realize. The Television reaches more than 19 0 million viewers in America. Almost 100 million of these are children. The regulations on Television are relatively good for channels that broadcast through the air. Stations that broadcast on cable systems do not have as many restrictions as the air stations so the cursing and violence in programs on these stations are not as regulated. With some cable systems a person can order pay-per-view. This is ordering a show or an event and paying for that access. Many of these pay-per-view shows are pornographic in nature. The problem is that all you need to order these programs is a credit card. These shows can be easily viewed by children that have access to a parents credit card. (Hochman 30)Profanity is more widely accepted today compared to in the past. The Movie Industry, prior to 1966, did not produce an abundance of films that contained profanity. After this year the profanities in movies became more acceptable and only progressed as the years went on (Rowe 14). Some examples expr essing the progression of profanity are, Rocky which was made in 1976. This contains 36 curse words compared to Scarface, made in 1984, which contains 299 curse words (Rowe 15). These are movies that have become easily available for children to see. Parents should monitor what their children see at the movies, but should not rely on the counting of profanities by such groups as the Entertainment Research Group, rather they should use more common sense (Rowe 16). The Movie Industry has a rating system for the movies it produces. The rating system is as follows: A G rating is used for movies that are suitable for children. The PG rating is used for movies that do not have cursing or violence and are suitable for children accompanied by a parent. A PG13 rating is used for movies that have cursing and limited violence and are not suitable for children under the age of 13. The R rating is used for movies that have an abundance of cursing, violence, and sexual content and is suitable for viewers 17 and older. A NC17 rating is used for movies that have an abundance of curing, graphic violence, and sexual activity. NC17 rated movies are restricted for mature viewers age 17 or older. The X rating is used for movies that have detailed sexual content and are not suitable for viewers under the age of 21 (Levee 1). The Movie Industry has become very generous with the ratings they have been giving out over the last ten years. It seems that a movie today with a PG13 rating would have had an R rating 10 years ago (Levee 8). In todays world the movies seem to be imitating life, or is it the other way around? The violence, profanity and sexual content in movies has its roots in the worst part of our society. In society today it seems that life is imitating art. The Federal Communications Commission was instituted to keep profanity and violence off Radio and Television. The FCC prosecutes those who abuse the use of profanity on the air. Radio personality, Howard Stern, was repri manded by the government for using profanity on his national talk show. The FCC levied a $105,000 fine against a Los Angeles station that broadcasts his show (Levee 8). Children are becoming confused as to what is the proper form of the English language, because parents tell them the language is unacceptable, yet it is broadcast on the radio (Rowe 17). .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .postImageUrl , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:visited , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:active { border:0!important; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:active , .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2 .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b3dbbec3c947e14fa6e136c0cd6c4b2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enterprise Architecture as Strategy EssayProfanity will become an even greater problem when a child learns to read. Profanities not only can be heard, but also read. They can be read on bumper stickers, T-shirts, books, and magazines. For example, a recent comic book distributed by Marvel comics contained 12 curse words. This comics main readers are children. From comics to books, the profanity found in todays literature would not have been acceptable forty years ago. The book Gone With the Wind that contains only one curse word, was made into a movie. The movie was considered to be rated R which was unheard of for its time. Therefore, many parents refused to claim the boo k as a piece of literature and did not allow their children to read it. Try to imagine those same parents reading a book or watching a movie today (Shoeder 73). Profanity has even reached the world of video games. In the past video games were slow, with graphics and sound that were very simple and innocent. However, with the invention of CD ROM, a games graphics and sound are very clear and crisp. This opens the door for sexual games with both nudity and profanity. To combat this problem the Software Publishers Association has devised a rating system for computer games. The manufacturer will have to put labels on their games that will include ones for violence, sex and nudity, and profanity (Golanski 58). Profanity has even affected how many people play and look at sports. The cameramen at sporting events have increasingly focused in on athletes who, after failing in some way, go into a tirade of profanity. Even though the language is inaudible the words can easily be interpreted and found to be offensive. Children who watch these tirades on television have a tendency to imitate their favorite stars actions if they are frustrated when competing (Montville 98). Sports star Thurman Thomas running back for the Buffalo Bills allegedly had a profanity-laced outburst at four young boys who asked him for his autograph. Although he denies the accusations, he was heard at a press conference just weeks before cursing the reporters and the opponents he had just faced (Wolff 16). In an article in Newsweek it talks about a woman who was surprised when a store clerk tries to protect her from a customers foul mouth. It goes on to say While everyone seems to agree that something should be done about profanity, few people ever do anything about it, and most people contribute to the problem (Maurer 19). Even if you are not listened to by the offender at least you are trying to make an effort to clean up societys mouth. Profanities exist in all facets of our society and are depleting us of morals. Many parents are failing to teach their children the importance of proper behavior and respectable language. This is an uncontrollable problem that is being assisted by the profanity. It is our nations responsibility to set a moral example for its children. If as a nation, we fail to do this for our children then we must be prepared to face the consequences. One of the consequences may be that our children will never know the correct form of language. Morals may just be something of the past. If this occurs, then our society will be in turmoil. Work Cited Golanski, Candace. Rating the fun stuff. Popular Science Dec. 5, 1994: 16. Hochman, David. Do you kiss your mother with that mouth? US June 1994: 29-30. Levee, Michael A. In the Cursed 90s, Expletives Are Seldom Deleted. Chicago Tribune Nov. 6 1992: sec 1: 1+. Maurer, Sandra Flahive. Mind your tongue, young man. Newsweek Oct. 17, 1994: 19. Montville, Leigh. Point After: Stop Reading Those Lips! Sports Illustrated Oct. 29, 1990: 98. .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .postImageUrl , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:visited , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:active { border:0!important; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:active , .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53 .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubac846c15a903bd2d917c4ec92692d53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mahatma Gandhi: Man Of Peace EssayRowe, Chip. Male dicta Favors the Whole Truth. Washington Journalism Review Jan. 1993: 14-16. Schoeder, Ken. Education Briefs: Getting Your WordsWorth. Educational Digest Mar. 1992: 72-73. Wolff, Alexander. Offensive back. Sports Illustrated Dec. 5, 1994: 16.

Comedy of Errors Analysis free essay sample

In comedy, the plot is to a greater extent driven by the characters, which are accordingly multi-dimensional and continue to develop throughout. The characters in the play do lack the depth of those in the more mature comedies (The Comedy of Errors is considered an early work). This was viewed as a problem by many critics in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, who based critical analysis of Shakespeares plays around the psychological complexity of characters. The greater the complexity, the more worthy the play is deemed. Judged by this criterion, The Comedy of Errors falls short of the mature comedies. However, the characters are not as one-dimensional as would be expected from a farce: Adriana, Antipholus S. and Egeon have a measure of complexity. The themes too appear too weighty for pure farce: debt, identity, and love and marriage, though we have to wait for the later plays to see them explored more fully. STUCK WITH SOME HOMEWORK ISSUE NO With regard to plot, too, the play has aspects of farce. In his Lectures upon WORRIES POST A Shakespeare, the poet and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) called The CALLOUT HERE ON NOVELGUIDE Comedy of Errors a farce: A proper farce is mainly distinguished from comedy by studyhall. ovelguide. com the license allowed, and even required, in the fable, in order to produce strange and laughable situations. The story need not be probable, it is enough that it is possible. A comedy would scarcely allow even the two Antipholuses; . . . farce add(s) the two Dromios. Though most Shakespeare plays contain improbable elements, The Comedy of Errors has a great deal, and considerable suspension of disbelief is demanded of the audience. However, it is possible to argue that the improbable plot, far from being a problem, is the main point of the play. Shakespeare creates an enchanted atmosphere in which anything can happen. The certainties of life are stripped away; reason no longer applies; it is a world of pure potentiality. The fact that most people find this play to be the funniest that Shakespeare wrote (seeing a good performance will confirm this) adds to this disorienting effect, as humor works by subverting expectations. Thus, the farcical elements perform a serious role while at the same Novel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 1 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM NovelGuide: The Comedy of Errors: Essay QA Study Guide| Novelguide http://www. novelguide. com/TheComedyofErrors/essayquestions. html 1 A B C Novelguide: Search Study Guides Latest Reports EssaysD E F G H Latest Quotes By Topic O I J K L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Navigation See whats new on our blog About Us Test Prep Material Subscription Plans How it Works Book Store Report Essay Novelguides Search Your School Contact Us Useful Links Be a student helper Hire a student helper Find a student helper Invite classmates Join a school Join a teacher group Rate a teacher group Teacher ratings Subscription Plans www. studyhall. novelguide. com www. video. novelguide. com www. marketplace. novelguide. com About Us Novelguide. com is the premier free source for literary analysis Test Prep Material on the web. We provide an educational supplement for better understanding of classic and contemporary literature. Novelguide. com is continually in the process of adding more books to the website each week. Please check back weekly to see what we have added. Please let us know if you have any suggestions or comments or would like any additional information. Thanks for checking out our website. Copyright  © 1999 2012 Novelguide. com. All Rights Reserved. 6-SAT-9Verbal(Analogy) 7-GRE-Vocabulary(Find the meaning) 8-SAT-9Vocab(Find the Meaning) 9-Sample-Test 10-SAT-9Math-First-Half more Terms of Use Copyright Privacy main purpose in writing the play. In conclusion, the play contains elements of both comedy and farce, but is not constrained by either genre. 2. Compare and contrast the attitude to love and marriage held by Adriana and Luciana. Do their attitudes change in the course of the play? In Act 2, scene 1, Adriana complains angrily of her husband Antipholuss absences from home. She does not see why men should enjoy more freedom than women, and objects to the double standards applying to male and female behavior. Luciana presents the view of a dutiful wife: Adriana should show patience, and men need more freedom because business takes them out and about. She draws on Biblical sources in her speech upholding the concept of a natural order in which males have dominion over females. It is not presumptuous to say that this is Shakespeares own view, since his plays uphold the natural order and show the devastating consequences of its subversion. Adriana sees Lucianas view as servitude, and blames it for the fact that she is still unmarried. She thinks that if she were married, she would have power over her husband. But Luciana believes that she should learn to obey before learning to love. If her husband strayed, she would not complain until she had a chance to discuss it. Adriana is unimpressed, pointing out that Luciana speaks from inexperience. Adrianas despair over Antipholuss behavior is a product of her view of marriage as a merging of one partners identity in the others (Act 2, scene 2, lines 119-129), so that they are undividable, incorporate. This view is destructive. Adrianas possessiveness only results in her husbands concocting white lies in the next scene Novel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 2 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM NovelGuide: The Comedy of Errors: Essay QA Study Guide| Novelguide http://www. novelguide. om/TheComedyofErrors/essayquestions. html to cover for his absences. And after Adriana unwittingly locks him out of his home, he exploits his friendship with the Courtesan to pay his wife back, her extreme jealousy making her an easy target of such manipulation. Both Adriana and her marriage suffer as a result of her possessiveness. We later learn that Luciana, unlike Adriana, may accept infidelity if the husband pretends to love his wife and is discree t. Ominously, she unwittingly says this to the man she may marry, giving him permission to cheat. Luciana bends over so far backwards in her submissive stance that she obliterates her own self-respect and identity to the same extent that Adriana does by her extreme possessiveness. Adriana is rebuked by the Abbess for her possessive nagging of Antipholus, but the Abbesss claim over the moral high ground is undermined by her about-turn: first, she says Adriana has not been tough enough, but then she switches to saying that Adriana has driven Antipholus mad by her jealous fits. The second verdict strikes home with Adriana; her own conscience prompts her to change in the direction of Lucianas patient stance. Luciana, for all her promised submission to a husband, joins up with a man (Antipholus S. ) who only wants to submit to her (teach me, dear creature, how to think and speak Act 3, scene 2, line 33), suggesting that she will modify her stance towards that taken initially by Adriana. However, it is possible to interpret this in another way. A tradition within ostensibly male-dominated societies teaches that womens power lies in submitting to the husband in the male spheres of providing money and protection, while maintaining spiritual and emotional leadership in the marriage. In other words, Shakespeare may be showing us the power of the submissive wife. But Lucianas spirited defence of Adriana against the Abbess (Act 5, scene 1, line 89) shows that she is not prepared to take injustice lying down, and this may suggest that she has modified her views. 3. Compare and contrast the two Antipholuses. The Antipholuses, though identical in appearance, are very different in personality. Antipholus S. first appears as a melancholic, insecure man who feels quite lost as a result of having lost his twin brother and mother. Even at the beginning of the confusion of identities that creates misunderstandings, he is fearful of witchcraft. He has heard that witches can transform a persons body and mind another twist on his fear that he has lost his identity. Antipholus E. , in contrast, believes he knows exactly who he is at the beginning of the play: he is husband to Adriana, and a wealthy and respected businessman in Ephesus with a comfortable home. But this assumed identity is based on illusion. Before the plays end, it appears that he has lost his wife (when she locks him out), his home (from which she bars him), his gold chain, and even his reputation and freedom (when Angelo vilifies and arrests him for not paying for the chain). All these things are finally restored to him, though not before he is seriously shaken up. It is notable that, mistaking Dromio E. for his own Dromio S. , Antipholus S. is irritated by his servants apparent jests and even strikes him, but he engages with his servant and allows himself to be laughed out of his anger. This contrasts markedly with Antipholus E. s invariably angry, violent and humorless responses to the Dromios. The two twins also treat their women differently: Antipholus E. s attitude to his wife is characterized by anger, jealousy and spite, with an admixture of contempt in his request to Angelo for collusion in a white lie to placate Adriana. Antipholus S. , on the other hand, is more timorous yet more respectful of women: he runs terrified from the Courtesan, thinking her a devil, but begs Luciana to transform him and create him anew. It must be said, in Antipholus E. s defense, that he suffers huge losses (wife, home, gold chain, reputation and freedom) and so has more to be angry about. Antipholus S. , on the other hand, gains a temporary wife (whom he does not like Adriana), a lover in Luciana, a gold chain, use of his brothers house, a dinner, and the attention that is usually given to his wealthy brother. But it could equally be argued that Novel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 3 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM NovelGuide: The Comedy of Errors: Essay QA Study Guide| Novelguide http://www. novelguide. com/TheComedyofErrors/essayquestions. html previous sense of loss and incompleteness. In addition, his openness to new experiences in his acceptance of Adrianas dinner invitation makes it fitting that he should be given further gifts. Antipholus E. s lesson, on the other hand, is that he should not base his identity on the trappings of the wealthy merchant he believes himself to be, because all this can be (and is) taken from him. 4. What role does magic play in The Comedy of Errors? Shakespeare devotes great care to establishing Ephesus as a place of enchantment and illusion. In the Elizabethan mind, Ephesus (in modern-day Turkey) was associated with sorcery, exorcism, mystery cults, and emerging Christianity. Antipholus S. arrives in Ephesus fearful of its witches and sorcerers, and he blames the confusion caused by the two sets of identical twins on enchantments. This fear spreads to include other characters, who blame magic for the seeming transformations in themselves and their loved ones. Adriana engages Dr Pinch to exorcise her seemingly mad husband, and in Act 2, scene 2, Dromio S. wonders whether he has been turned into an ape or an ass by a sorcerer. Dromios image encompasses both the strange transformations that a sorcerer was supposed to be able to work in a persons appearance, and the connotation of foolishness, suggesting that they are all being made fools of. By the end of the play, even the normally reasonable Duke has caught the contagion of the fear of magic, and helplessly concludes, I think you have all drunk of Circes cup (Act 5, scene 1, line 271). The binding of Antipholus E. by Dr Pinchs men, and the Dukes falling victim to fears of witchcraft, push the atmosphere dangerously towards that of a witch-hunt: in Shakespeares day, people who were suspected of witchcraft were hunted, tortured and burned to death. Only the Abbesss calm intervention saves the situation. Her rational explanation for all that has taken place reveals everyones fear of magic and witches to be groundless. The magic turns out not to be real, and its chief exponent, Pinch, turns out to be a ridiculous charlatan. 5. What does Shakespeares use of his sources tell us about his aims in writing the play? Shakespeares main source for The Comedy of Errors was a comedy called Menaechmi, written by the ancient Roman playwright Plautus (c. 254- 184 BC). Shakespeare probably read the play in the original Latin, since the first English translation was only published in 1595, after The Comedy of Errors is believed to have been written. From Menaechmi Shakespeare took his central plot, which revolves around the errors caused by the mistaken identity of identical twin brothers. Shakespeare made a number of changes to Plautuss story. First, he added a second set of identical twins (the Dromios), doubling the possibilities for confusion. Second, he expanded Adrianas character (Plautus only has an anonymous shrewish Wife) and created her sister, Luciana, who acts as a foil to Adriana. In this way, Shakespeare gave women a greater voice and made possible the debate between the sisters about issues of marriage and gender. He also shrank the role of the Courtesan compared with Plautuss equivalent character, and took away her name. Third, he added the background story of Egeon and Emilia, giving a tragic element of loss redeemed by the final reunion. Critics generally agree that Shakespeare rounded out Plautuss one-dimensional characters and gave them greater humanity. Finally, Shakespeare added the setting of Ephesus as a place of enchantment and illusion, creating an undercurrent of fear and allowing for greater exploration of the issue of identity. The play also draws on other sources. The farcical, fast and furious style of Shakespeares play is drawn from Italian comedy of his own time. The scene where Antipholus E. is locked out of his home is similar to one in another work of Plautuss, Amphitruo. In Amphitruo, the wife entertains the god Jupiter in her husbands house in the belief that he is her husband; and the wife does sleep with Jupiter. Though Shakespeare does not explicitly say that nothing sexual happens between Novel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 4 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM NovelGuide: The Comedy of Errors: Essay QA Study Guide| Novelguide http://www. novelguide. om/TheComedyofErrors/essayquestions. html Adriana and his single-minded wooing of her sister Luciana, which we see in full flow immediately after the dinner. Shakespeare thereby makes Adriana more innocent than Plautuss equivalent character and maintains more of a possibility of reconciliation between Adriana and her husband. analysis novel review biography novelguide book book reviews The Comedy of Errors novel guide William Shakespeare No vel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 5 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM